Such knowledge may help to develop concepts that enable us to accurately predict, for example, the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms and vulnerable plaques, as it is crucial for clinical treatment planning, or to optimize the designs of medical devices which are based on a proper understanding of short-term and long-term interactions with biological tissues ( Gasser, 2011).Įxposing biological tissues to supra-physiological mechanical loading conditions during interventional procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and arterial clamping, changes the tissue microstructure through irreversible deformations ( Peña, 2015). A better understanding of the damage mechanism in soft biological tissues is critical to the characterization of tissue injury, including its implications on biological (physiological/pathological) responses, and the damage modeling in computational simulations. In addition, tissues are living materials, so that damage may trigger a process of health restoration called healing. Conventional macroscopic indicators, as known from damage in engineered materials, may not predict damage in biological tissues appropriately and accurately enough. Despite the broad research on the modeling of tissue damage, there is still no clear understanding of what “damage” of a soft biological tissue is from the microstructural point of view. The emphasis of this chapter is placed on modeling of damage in soft biological tissues. The most basic difference between CDM and fracture mechanics (FM) is that the former falls within the standard continuum mechanics framework using continuous displacement fields (hence finite element implementation is rather easy), while in FM the displacement is discontinuous, so that special techniques such as remeshing or the extended finite element should be employed to model the discontinuity in the displacement field. Continuum damage mechanics (CDM) is an inelastic theory which is concerned with the effective continuum representation of a material including distributed micro-defects. Holzapfel, Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad, in Biomechanics of Living Organs, 2017 1 Introductionĭamage accumulation in materials is a consequence of micro-defect evolution, which may lead to degradation of mechanical properties up to failure. Modeling of Damage in Soft Biological Tissues Decreasing yarn crimp in a textile reinforcement structure is thus viewed to be beneficial for the load-carrying ability of the material. The earlier damage initiation in static tensile tests can be an indication of a lower fatigue limit of textile composites in comparison with their UD cross-ply counterparts. Localized delaminations as a decisive phenomenon for the onset of fiber failure in the surrounding bundles. Saturation of transverse cracks governed by the size of the fiber bundles. Limited length of transverse and longitudinal cracks in the fiber bundles.
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